"Hu tian shang de xian xian : ming qing Shandong yun he shang de nan wang fen shui shu niu yan jiu"

明代會通河上的南旺分水口，是設壩攔截汶導入流北從而濟運的工程。隨著它成為該河段唯一分水口，開創功臣部尚書宋禮、土老人白英的開河功績逐步顯現，最終兩先後在該地立祠致祭。南旺分水工程的進一步完善，主要依靠將分水口附近湖泊納為官有「櫃」以蓄洩運河的進一步完善，主要依靠將分水口附近湖泊納為官有「櫃」以蓄洩運河源。因此河道官員主張禁止水櫃內湖田的開墾，然而迫於財政壓力戶部又幾次成功申請湖田招佃。宋禮、白英的後人在這一時期，被遷居到祖先業所在地守護相關工程以示恩榮，宋禮後人另被賞賜湖田作祀。明清鼎革之後，清王朝繼續限制水櫃湖田以保證漕運，准許墾種的湖田有相當比重是先賢祀田和學、善堂公產。其間不乏先賢後裔利用國家禮制的要求，以名義佔有湖田之例。廢運以後，水櫃失效大量墾闢政府設立局處理相關事務。清末以降至民國，湖田局對新闢的政策從招佃收租逐漸轉向出售陞科；學田和善堂公產一早就被沒收，予以津貼補償儒先賢的祀在民國中期隨著廢孔運動而被收回轉作地方教育經費，開河功臣宋禮、白英的祀田則一直得以保留。The water control project at Nanwang was the key element of the Grand Canal in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nanwang was located in the midway, but the highest point of the Canal. The project included redirecting the flow of canal water, from Nanwang, to its southern and northern segments of the Canal, and a dam to protect the site from the Wen River. It was so successful that Ming officials built temples to worship its two main architects, Song Li and Bai Ying. In order to provide sufficient water to the project, the Ming government reserved three lakes in Nanwang, where farming were prohibited. However, in the mid-Ming, the government understood that the tribute grain transport did not require so much water volume, and from then onwards, it allowed farmers to farm on the land reclaimed from the lakes. It also allotted much land to the descendants of ancient worthies like Confucius and his students, and the descendants of Song Li and Bai Ying, so that they could have funds to continue sacrifices. In the 1930s, however, so as to solve the financial difficulties, the Republican government started to confiscate the land of the ancient worthies, leaving the Song and Bai lineages the two big landlords before the establishment of the new socialist regime in China in the 1950s.凌灧.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Ling 灧.Detailed summary in vernacular field only